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Gerald F. Lackey, in His Official Capacity as the Commissioner of the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles v. Damian Stinnie, et al.

Paid petition · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, No. 21-1756 · judgment August 7, 2023


Decided · February 25, 2025
Pre-decision estimate: 7% cert probability (95% interval 4%–12%)

Before the decision, about 1.8× the 4.1% base rate. The model weighted this up for a state or local-government petitioner, a circuit split argued in the petition, and a dissent in the court below (flagged in the petition).

Questions presented

  1. Whether a party must obtain a ruling that conclusively decides the merits in its favor, as opposed to merely predicting a likelihood of later success, to prevail on the merits under 42 U.S.C. § 1988.

  2. Whether a party must obtain an enduring change in the parties' legal relationship from a judicial act, as opposed to a non-judicial event that moots the case, to prevail under 42 U.S.C. § 1988.

Counsel of record

For petitioner
Erika Lauren Maley
Virginia Office of the Attorney General

For respondent
Brian David Schmalzbach
McGuireWoods LLP

Case

Conference history
Distributed for 3 conferences

Amicus briefs
1 cert-stage · 14 merits
(4 supporting pet./neither, 10 respondent)

Argument & decision

Argued October 8, 2024 — Erika L. Maley · Brian D. Schmalzbach. Audio and transcript

Decided February 25, 2025. Opinion by Roberts, C.J..

Proceedings

  1. Mar 31 2025
    Judgment Issued.
  2. Feb 25 2025
    Judgment REVERSED and case REMANDED. Roberts, C. J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Thomas, Alito, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh, and Barrett, JJ., joined. Jackson, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which Sotomayor, J., joined.
  3. Oct 08 2024
    Argued. For petitioner: Erika L. Maley, Solicitor General, Richmond, Va.; and Anthony A. Yang, Assistant to the Solicitor General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. (for United States, as amicus curiae.) For respondents: Brian D. Schmalzbach, Richmond, Va.
  4. Sep 04 2024
    Reply of petitioner Gerald F. Lackey, in his Official Capacity as the Commissioner of the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles filed. (Distributed)
  5. Aug 19 2024
    Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument GRANTED.
  6. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amici curiae of American Civil Liberties Union, et al. filed. (Distributed)
  7. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Lawyers’ Committee For Civil Rights Under Law, et al. filed. (Distributed)
  8. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Christian Legal Society, et al. filed.(Corrected & reprinted) (Distributed)
  9. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amicus curiae of Constitutional Accountability Center filed. (Distributed)
  10. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Firearms Policy Coalition, Inc. and FPC Action Foundation filed. (Distributed)
  11. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Alliance Defending Freedom and Americans for Prosperity Foundation filed. (Distributed)
  12. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Institute for Free Speech, et al. filed. (Distributed)
  13. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression and First Amendment Lawyers Association filed. (Distributed)
  14. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amicus curiae of New Jersey State Bar Association filed. (Distributed)
  15. Aug 12 2024
    Brief amicus curiae of First Liberty Institute filed. (Distributed)
  16. Aug 08 2024
    CIRCULATED
  17. Aug 05 2024
    Brief of respondents Damian Stinnie, et al. filed.
  18. Aug 01 2024
    Sealed material from the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia electronically available with the Clerk. The remainder of the record is available on PACER.
  19. Aug 01 2024
    Record received from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. The record is electronic and is available on PACER.
  20. Jul 26 2024
    SET FOR ARGUMENT on Tuesday, October 8, 2024.
  21. Jul 26 2024
    Record requested from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
  22. Jul 08 2024
    Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument filed.
  23. Jun 27 2024
    Brief amicus curiae of United States filed.
  24. Jun 27 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Local Government Legal Center, et al. filed.
  25. Jun 27 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Georgia, et al. filed.
  26. Jun 27 2024
    Brief amicus curiae of University of Florida Board of Trustees filed.
  27. Jun 20 2024
    Brief of petitioner Gerald F. Lackey, in his Official Capacity as the Commissioner of the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles filed.
  28. Jun 20 2024
    Joint appendix filed. (Statement of costs filed)
  29. Apr 29 2024
    Motion to extend the time to file the briefs on the merits granted. The time to file the joint appendix and petitioner's brief on the merits is extended to and including June 20, 2024. The time to file respondents' brief on the merits is extended to and including August 5, 2024.
  30. Apr 24 2024
    Motion for an extension of time to file the briefs on the merits filed.
  31. Apr 22 2024
    Petition GRANTED.
  32. Apr 15 2024
    DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 4/19/2024.
  33. Mar 20 2024
    DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 4/12/2024.
  34. Mar 19 2024
    Reply of petitioner Gerald F. Lackey, in his Official Capacity as the Commissioner of the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles filed. (Distributed)
  35. Feb 28 2024
    Brief of respondents Damian Stinnie, et al. in opposition filed.
  36. Jan 29 2024
    Response Requested. (Due February 28, 2024)
  37. Jan 24 2024
    DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 2/16/2024.
  38. Jan 05 2024
    Brief amici curiae of Georgia, et al. filed.
  39. Nov 20 2023
    Petition for a writ of certiorari filed. (Response due January 8, 2024)
  40. Nov 01 2023
    Application (23A390) granted by The Chief Justice extending the time to file until November 20, 2023.
  41. Oct 27 2023
    Application (23A390) to extend the time to file a petition for a writ of certiorari from November 5, 2023 to November 20, 2023, submitted to The Chief Justice.