Rodney Dill v. United States

The Sixth Amendment guarantees a criminal defendant the right to have a jury find, beyond a reasonable doubt, any fact that increases the penalty for his crime beyond what is authorized by the jury’s verdict or his own admissions. Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490 (2000); Alleyne v. United States, 570 U.S. 99, 103 (2013). Restitution ordered under 18 U.S.C. § 2259 is calculated from judge-found facts about a victim’s losses and a defendant’s relative role in causing them, and this Court has now held that restitution under a closely related statute is a criminal punishment for purposes of the Ex Post Facto Clause. Ellingburg v. United States, 607 U.S. ___, 146 S. Ct. 564 (2026). The question presented is: Whether the Sixth Amendment requires that the facts necessary to support an order of restitution under 18 U.S.C. § 2259 be found by a jury, or admitted by the defendant, rather than found by a judge under a preponderance-of-theevidence standard.