InComm Financial Services, Inc. v. Superior Court of California, City and County of San Francisco, et al.

The “relatedness” requirement of specific personal jurisdiction, last addressed by this Court in Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court, 592 U.S. 351 (2021), demands that the plaintiff’s claim “arise out of or relate to” the defendant’s forumdirected conduct. The question presented is: Whether a plaintiff’s claim “relates to” a defendant’s forum-directed conduct merely by alleging defects in a product the defendant sold in the forum, in the absence of any in-forum injury or other incident involving the product in the forum. (i)