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Francis Nielsen v. Kekai Watanabe

Paid petition · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, No. 23-15605 · judgment September 6, 2024


Set for argument · November 9, 2026
Pre-decision estimate: 5% cert probability

Before the decision, roughly the 4.1% base rate. The model weighted this up for counsel who has won certiorari before and a Ninth Circuit decision below.

Question presented

This case concerns the judicially created damages remedy first recognized in Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971). In Carlson v. Green, 446 U.S. 14 (1980), the Court extended Bivens to an Eighth Amendment claim of deliberate indifference to medical needs where prison officials failed to address an inmate's acute asthma attack and exacerbated it, causing his death on-site within hours. Since then, this Court has emphasized that the creation of damages actions rests with Congress, not courts. The judicially created Bivens remedy thus cannot be ex-tended to any "new Bivens context" if any "special factor counsel[s] hesitation" in doing so. Ziglar v. Abbasi, 582 U.S. 120, 139-140 (2017). "[T]he new-context inquiry is easily satisfied," encompassing cases with '"meaningful[ly]"' different facts, or "'potential special factors' "-including "alternative remedial structures"-" 'not consider[ed]"' in the Court's prior cases. Egbert v. Boule, 596 U.S. 482, 492-493 (2022). "[A] court may not recognize a Bivens remedy" if "there is any reason to think that Congress might be better equipped to create a damages remedy." Id. at 492. In this case, respondent alleged that he suffered a fractured coccyx in a prison gang fight, causing chronic pain, but was not sent to a hospital. The Ninth Circuit held the suit did not present a "new" context from Carlson-not-withstanding an alternative remedial scheme this Court did not consider in Carlson, and despite significant factual differences such as the immediacy and severity of the harm alleged. The question presented is: Whether the Ninth Circuit here erred in recognizing a Bivens cause of action.

Counsel of record

For petitioner
Jeffrey Alan Lamken
MoloLamken LLP

For respondent
Joshua Morgan Wesneski
Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP

Case

Conference history
Distributed for 4 conferences

Amicus briefs
3 merits
(3 supporting pet./neither)

Linked docket
25A208

Proceedings

  1. Aug 31 2026
    Motion of United States for leave to participate in oral argument and for divided argument submitted.
  2. Aug 27 2026
    CIRCULATED
  3. Aug 25 2026
    Record requested from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
  4. Aug 25 2026
    Record received from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The record is electronic and is available on PACER.
  5. Aug 21 2026
    Brief amicus curiae of United States filed.
  6. Aug 21 2026
    Brief amicus curiae of Elaine Mittleman filed.
  7. Aug 21 2026
    Brief amici curiae of Missouri, et al. filed.
  8. Aug 14 2026
    Brief of petitioner Francis Nielsen filed.
  9. Aug 11 2026
    SET FOR ARGUMENT on Monday, November 9, 2026.
  10. Jul 29 2026
    Motion to extend the time to file the briefs on the merits granted. The time to file the joint appendix and petitioner's brief on the merits is extended to and including August 14, 2026. The time to file respondent's brief on the merits is extended to and including September 23, 2026.
  11. Jul 28 2026
    Motion to dispense with printing the joint appendix filed by petitioner Francis Nielsen.
  12. Jul 27 2026
    Motion for an extension of time to file the briefs on the merits filed.
  13. Jun 22 2026
    Petition GRANTED.
  14. Jun 15 2026
    DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 6/18/2026.
  15. May 26 2026
    DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 6/11/2026.
  16. May 15 2026
    Supplemental brief of respondent Kekai Watanabe filed.
  17. May 05 2026
    Supplemental brief of petitioner Francis Nielsen filed.
  18. Feb 24 2026
    Rescheduled.
  19. Feb 23 2026
    DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 2/27/2026.
  20. Feb 19 2026
    Rescheduled.
  21. Feb 17 2026
    Supplemental brief of respondent Kekai Watanabe filed.
  22. Feb 13 2026
    Supplemental brief of petitioner Francis Nielsen filed. (Distributed)
  23. Jan 21 2026
    DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 2/20/2026.
  24. Jan 20 2026
    Reply of petitioner Francis Nielsen filed. (Distributed)
  25. Jan 05 2026
    Brief of respondent Kekai Watanabe in opposition filed.
  26. Oct 31 2025
    Motion to extend the time to file a response is granted and the time is extended to and including January 5, 2026.
  27. Oct 29 2025
    Motion to extend the time to file a response from November 6, 2025 to January 5, 2026, submitted to The Clerk.
  28. Oct 03 2025
    Petition for a writ of certiorari filed. (Response due November 6, 2025)
  29. Aug 21 2025
    Application (25A208) granted by Justice Kagan extending the time to file until October 3, 2025.
  30. Aug 19 2025
    Application (25A208) to extend the time to file a petition for a writ of certiorari from September 3, 2025 to October 3, 2025, submitted to Justice Kagan.