Ronnard Williams v. United States

This Court has held that officers may, without individualized reasonable suspicion, order occupants to exit a lawfully stopped vehicle because the resulting intrusion on personal liberty is de minimis. This case poses the question of whether that rationale may be extended to support a per se rule authorizing officers to compel exposure of the vehicle’s interior to police view whenever “something like” window tint—a nearly ubiquitous feature of automobiles sold in the United States—limits visibility into the vehicle, thereby converting a doctrine governing liberty interests into one authorizing suspicionless infringements of Fourth Amendment privacy interests.