Michael Ladre Dunbar v. United States

FIRST: Whether a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to proceed pro se under Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806 (1975), extends to a first appeal (direct appeal) as of right. SECOND: Can the Ninth Circuit apply lat^r enacted statutory formulation to ap^ellant/petitioner (Mr.Dunbar's) trial rights and outcome thereby depriving him of a defense that was available under governing law at the time of tfial and creating a retroactive change in the legal consequences of his conduct in violation of the Ex Post Facto clause? THIRD: In a 1591 prosecution, when a defendant is explicitly notified he need not defend against force, fraud, or coercion, does the government have to prove the only one fact that triggers a 10 year mandatory minimum sentence and all punitive enhancers recieved at the punishment stage?