Patrick J. Downey v. City of Toledo, Ohio

Do federal courts have legal authority to alter or amend the plain meaning of a lawfully-enacted statute of a sovereign state or a lawfully-enacted ordinance of a sovereign municipality that were an exercise of the state or municipality’s police powers? Issue Reserved on Remand if Court Rules for Petitioner on Question 1 A. Did the City of Toledo’s (“Respondent”) ordinance (TMC § 313.12) and hearing (“Hearing”), under color of law, unconstitutionally force Patrick J. Downey (“Petitioner”) to choose between exercising his right to due process of law under the Fourteenth Amendment and his right against self-incrimination under the Fifth Amendment?

Did Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527 (1981) provide legal authority for the circuit court to enter judgment against. Petitioner, a non-prisoner plaintiff, for failing to exhaust state court remedies when Petitioner’s Declaratory Judgment Act complaint alleged violations of his right to due process of law under the Fourteenth Amendment and 42 United States Code (“USC”) § 1983?