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Whole Woman's Health, et al. v. Austin Reeve Jackson, Judge, District Court of Texas, 114th District, et al.

Paid petition · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, No. 21-50792


Decided · December 10, 2021
Pre-decision estimate: 20% cert probability (95% interval 12%–31%)

Before the decision, about 4.8× the 4.1% base rate. The model weighted this up for a Fifth Circuit decision below and a circuit split argued in the petition.

Question presented

The State of Texas adopted a law banning abortions at approximately six weeks of pregnancy, in clear violation of this Court's precedents holding that a State cannot prohibit abortion at a point before viability. To try to insulate this unconstitutional prohibition from a federal challenge, the legislature crafted the law to prohibit government officials from directly enforcing it and instead delegated enforcement to the general public via civil actions that "any person" can file in Texas state court. Petitioners- Texas abortion providers and individuals and organizations that support abortion patients-brought suit in federal court against, among others, the clerks and judges of the courts where enforcement actions can be brought and the Texas attorney general. The district court denied Respondents' motions to dismiss on standing and sovereign-immunity grounds. Although Respondents' appeal is pending in the Fifth Circuit, that Court has now issued an order that effectively forecloses Petitioners' claims against the government officials. The question presented is whether a State can insulate from federal-court review a law that prohibits the exercise of a constitutional right by delegating to the general public the authority to enforce that prohibition through civil actions. EXPEDITED BRIEFING.

Counsel of record

For petitioner
Marc Andrew Hearron
Center for Reproductive Rights

For respondent
Heather Gebelin Hacker
Hacker Stephens LLP

Case

Conference history

Amicus briefs
16 merits
(5 supporting pet./neither, 11 respondent)

Related
Vide, 21-582, 21-583, 21-587

Argument & decision

Argued November 1, 2021 — Marc A. Hearron · Judd E. Stone. Audio and transcript

Decided December 10, 2021. Opinion by Gorsuch.

Proceedings

  1. Dec 16 2021
    JUDGMENT ISSUED.
  2. Dec 16 2021
    Application (21A220) for an order to issue the judgment forthwith granted by Justice Gorsuch, and the judgment is issued to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
  3. Dec 14 2021
    Reply of applicants Whole Woman's Health, et al. filed.
  4. Dec 14 2021
    Letter from applicants regarding reply received.
  5. Dec 14 2021
    Response to application from respondents Mark Lee Dickson, et al. filed.
  6. Dec 13 2021
    Application (21A220) to issue the judgment forthwith, submitted to Justice Gorsuch.
  7. Dec 13 2021
    Response to application from respondents Stephen Carlton, et al. filed.
  8. Dec 10 2021
    Adjudged to be AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, and case REMANDED. Gorsuch, J., announced the judgment of the Court, and delivered the opinion of the Court except as to Part II–C. Alito, Kavanaugh, and Barrett, JJ., joined that opinion in full, and Thomas, J., joined except for Part II–C. Thomas, J., filed an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part. Roberts, C. J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment in part and dissenting in part, in which Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan, JJ., joined. Sotomayor, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment in part and dissenting in part, in which Breyer and Kagan, JJ., joined.
  9. Nov 01 2021
    Argued. For petitioners: Marc A. Hearron, Washington, D. C. For respondents: Judd E. Stone, II, Solicitor General, Austin, Tex.
  10. Oct 29 2021
    Reply brief of petitioners Whole Woman's Health, et al. filed. (Distributed)
  11. Oct 29 2021
    Consolidated reply brief of state respondents filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  12. Oct 29 2021
    Reply brief of respondent Mark Lee Dickson filed. (Distributed)
  13. Oct 29 2021
    Reply brief of respondent Penny Clarkston filed. (Distributed)
  14. Oct 27 2021
    Brief of petitioners Whole Woman's Health, et al. filed. (Distributed)
  15. Oct 27 2021
    Consolidated brief of state respondents filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  16. Oct 27 2021
    Brief of respondent Penny Clarkston filed. (Distributed)
  17. Oct 27 2021
    Brief of respondent Mark Lee Dickson filed. (Distributed)
  18. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amici curiae of Massachusetts, et al. filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  19. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amicus curiae of Constitutional Accountability Center filed. (Distributed)
  20. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amici curiae of Legal Scholars filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  21. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amici curiae of Local Governments filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  22. Oct 27 2021
    Amicus brief of Texas Medical Association not accepted for filing. (October 27, 2021--brief needs correction; resubmitted).
  23. Oct 27 2021
    Amicus brief of Texas Medical Association not accepted for filing. (October 27, 2021--resubmitted brief needs correction)
  24. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amici curiae of Constitutional Law, Federal Courts, Civil Rights, and Civil Procedure Scholars filed. (Distributed)
  25. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amicus curiae of Firearms Policy Coalition filed. (Distributed)
  26. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amici curiae of Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al. filed. (Distributed)
  27. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amicus curiae of NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. filed.
  28. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amicus curiae of American Center for Law and Justice filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  29. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amicus curiae of Life Legal Defense Foundation filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  30. Oct 27 2021
    Brief amici curiae of 128 Current and Former Prosecutors and Law Enforcement Leaders, et al. filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  31. Oct 27 2021
    Record on appeal available on PACER. The USDC, W. District of Texas - transcript of August 4, 2021 hearing electronically received.
  32. Oct 26 2021
    Brief amicus curiae of The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  33. Oct 26 2021
    Brief amici curiae of Leading Medical Organizations filed (also in 21-588). VIDED. (Distributed)
  34. Oct 26 2021
    Motion for divided argument filed by respondents DENIED.
  35. Oct 26 2021
    In lieu of filing separate briefs in both No. 21-463 and No. 21-588 (21A85), the state respondents may file a single opening brief, limited to 20,000 words, and a single reply brief, limited to 9,000 words. (Also in 21-588 [21A85]).
  36. Oct 26 2021
    Brief amici curiae of Professors Adam Lamparello, Charles E. MacLean, and Brian Owsley filed. (Distributed)
  37. Oct 25 2021
    Motion for divided argument filed by respondents.
  38. Oct 25 2021
    Brief amicus curiae of California ProLife Council filed. (Distributed)
  39. Oct 24 2021
    Blanket Consent filed by Petitioner, Whole Woman's Health, et al.
  40. Oct 23 2021
    Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, Austin Reeve Jackson, et al.
  41. Oct 22 2021
    Petition for a writ of certiorari before judgment GRANTED. The briefs of the parties, limited to 13,000 words, are to be filed electronically on or before 5 p.m., Wednesday, October 27, 2021. Reply briefs, if any, limited to 6,000 words, are to be filed electronically on or before 5 p.m., Friday, October 29, 2021. Any amicus curiae briefs are to be filed electronically on or before 5 p.m., Wednesday, October 27, 2021. Booklet format briefs prepared in compliance with Rule 33.1 shall be submitted as soon as possible thereafter. The parties are not required to file a joint appendix. The case is set for oral argument on Monday, November 1, 2021.
  42. Oct 22 2021
    ARGUMENT SET FOR Monday, November 1, 2021.
  43. Oct 21 2021
    Brief of respondents in opposition filed.
  44. Oct 21 2021
    Brief amicus curiae of Firearms Policy Coalition filed.
  45. Oct 18 2021
    Petitioners’ motion to expedite consideration of the petition for a writ of certiorari before judgment is granted, and respondents are directed to file a response to the petition on or before noon on Thursday, October 21, 2021.
  46. Sep 23 2021
    Petition for a writ of certiorari before judgment filed. (Response due October 28, 2021)
  47. Sep 23 2021
    Motion to expedite consideration of the petition for a writ of certiorari before judgment filed by petitioners.